Types of Mirrors and Lenses
Mirrors and lenses are both optical devices that alter the direction of light. Mirrors work by reflecting light, while lenses work by refracting light. There are two main types of mirrors: plane mirrors and curved mirrors. Plane mirrors are flat, while curved mirrors are curved inward (concave) or outward (convex).
There are also two main types of lenses: converging lenses and diverging lenses. Converging lenses are thicker in the middle than at the edges, and they cause light to converge (meet at a point). Diverging lenses are thinner in the middle than at the edges, and they cause light to diverge (spread out).
Plane Mirrors
Plane mirrors reflect light so that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. This means that light strikes the mirror at the same angle as it reflects off the mirror. Plane mirrors produce virtual images, which means that the images appear to be behind the mirror. The images are the same size as the objects and are upright.
Curved Mirrors
Curved mirrors can be either concave or convex. Concave mirrors reflect light so that the rays converge at a point called the focal point. Convex mirrors reflect light so that the rays diverge. The focal point of a concave mirror is in front of the mirror, while the focal point of a convex mirror is behind the mirror.
Converging Lenses
Converging lenses refract light so that the rays converge at a point called the focal point. The focal point of a converging lens is on the same side of the lens as the object. Converging lenses produce real images, which means that the images can be projected onto a screen. The images are inverted and can be either larger or smaller than the objects.
Diverging Lenses
Diverging lenses refract light so that the rays diverge. The focal point of a diverging lens is on the opposite side of the lens from the object. Diverging lenses produce virtual images, which means that the images appear to be behind the lens. The images are upright and can be either larger or smaller than the objects.
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